Grand Tack Hypothesis for Jupiter

By -

Grand Tack Hypothesis for Jupiter

Grand tack hypothesis for Jupiter:

The grand tack hypothesis states that Jupiter formed at 3.5 AU, moved inward to 1.5 AU, reversed course after entangling Saturn in an orbital resonance, and finally came to rest close to its present orbit at 5.2 AU.

The snow line is the distance from the early Sun where the temperature is sufficiently frigid for volatiles like water to condense into solids. Current theories of the Solar System's creation imply that Jupiter originated at or beyond the snow line. The planet's atmosphere first formed as a gaseous atmosphere around a solid core.

It's unlikely that life as we know it could exist on Jupiter. Most likely, creatures cannot adapt to the severe and variable temperatures, pressures, and materials that make up our planet.

The grand-tack hypothesis:

According to the "Grand Tack" scenario, the large planets' orbital migration in the gaseous protoplanetary disc is what shaped the inner Solar System. Jupiter first moved inward, and then it and Saturn moved outward once more.

According to the grand tack hypothesis, Jupiter originated around 3.5 AU, migrated inward to 1.5 AU, turned about after being caught up in an orbital resonance with Saturn, and ultimately settled down at 5.2 AU, not far from its current orbit.

Jupiter slowly spiralled inward, eventually settling at a distance of 1.5 astronomical units, or roughly where Mars is right now. (Mars had not yet arrived.) Avi Mandell, a planetary scientist at NASA Goddard and a co-author on the paper, adds, "We think that Jupiter halted migrating toward the sun because of Saturn."

Jupiter experienced type II migration after opening a rift in the gas disc, slowly migrating toward the Sun with the gas disc. This migration would have placed Jupiter in a tight orbit around the Sun, similar to newly identified hot Jupiters in other planetary systems if it had continued unabated. Saturn likewise moved in the direction of the Sun, but because it was smaller, it moved more quickly, either going through type I migration or runaway migration.

During this migration, Saturn approached Jupiter and was caught in a 2:3 mean-motion resonance with it. Then, a gap in the gas disc that overlapped was created around Saturn and Jupiter, changing the balance of forces on these planets as they started to migrate together. Saturn has partially closed its portion of the gap, lessening the outer disk's pull on Jupiter.

On January 20, 2023, Jupiter will be at its closest point or perihelion. Therefore, every day since 2017, Jupiter has been edging ever closer to the sun. And as compared to Jupiter, Earth's shift in distance from the sun is minimal.

According to conventional wisdom, Jupiter formed roughly where it is currently, five times further from the Sun than Earth. The disc of gas and dust encircling the newborn Sun was dense enough at that distance to give birth to the planetary goliath.

The planets then started to move outward as the net torque on them turned positive and the inner Lindblad resonance torques started to outweigh the outer disc torques. Gas was able to stream through the gap due to interactions between the planets, which allowed outward migration to continue. The planets and the gas exchanged angular momentum during the gas passage, adding to the positive balance of torques and helping the planets to move away from the disc. Mass was also moved from the outer disc to the inner disc during the exchange.

In addition, the gas transfer to the inner disc delayed the decrease in the mass of the inner disc as it accreted onto the Sun, which would have otherwise weakened the inner torque and stopped the large planets' outward migration. According to the grand tack hypothesis, this mechanism stopped the planets from moving inward when Jupiter was 1.5 AU away.

Jupiter and Saturn continued to move outward until either they reached a zero-torque configuration inside a flared disc or the gas disc evaporated. When Jupiter reached its roughly present orbit, the process is thought to have come to a halt.

Ever consider what might occur if Jupiter disappeared?

Jupiter's removal from the solar system would not significantly alter Earth or the other planets. This is because Jupiter is nearly five times further away from us than the Sun and has a mass that is about 1/1000th that of the Sun.

The narrative of how Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, serves as our ostensible valiant guardian is probably familiar to anybody who has ever watched a documentary about it. Without Jupiter, asteroids and comets would continually strike the Earth, making it impossible for life to exist on the planet.

There would be virtually little other alteration in the planets' orbits around the Sun. But Jupiter is quite good at guiding and absorbing tiny things across the Solar System. The direct impact of Jupiter's absence on Earth would be the increased frequency of asteroids and other space debris collisions.

Apart from this, while comets and asteroids frequently save Earth and the other inner planets by diverting them, occasionally Jupiter throws things directly in their direction.
 

Comments

Post a Comment

Please do not use foul language while commenting. We will appreciate your suggestions and reviews in the comments.

Read Also

Deep Neural Networks for ADMET properties' prediction

By -
Image
Introduction The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties of any compound contributes to its potential as an orally administered drug. A set of criteria defined by Rule of Five or the Pfizer's Rule of Five stats that any compound meeting these criteria are more likely to have ADMET properties. The importance of these properties has increased in modern medicinal chemistry and new machine learning techniques are employed to predict these properties. The predictive ADMET models have helped in discovery of small molecules with improved safety and dose. Deep Neural Networks are showing usefulness in such predictions due to improved computational efficiency, larger datasets and adaption of image processing in the chemistry. Early Models The early DNNs employed showed improved prediction performance. Many researchers raised concerned that this improvement is in fact has no relation with better computational capacity, rather it is result of mere memorizing of
Read more

Marine eDNA Analysis using DL techniques

By -
Image
Introduction Environmental DNA (eDNA) is the genetic information or material released by an organism into its surroundings through activities like skin shedding, mucus, urine or other secretions. These materials contain DNA fragments that can be found in soil, water or air samples. The concept of eDNA is based on the fact that organisms constantly leave organic traces behind them. By analysing the eDNA, researchers can detect the presence of any species in that area. This method is a valuable technique for biodiversity monitoring and ecological research.    Unlike traditional methods that involve direct observation or capturing of organisms, eDNA analysis allows researchers to study biodiversity without directly interacting with the species. This non-invasive approach is particularly useful for studying elusive or endangered species. eDNA analysis has been applied in various ecosystems, including freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments. It is used to study aquatic organisms, t
Read more

Assisting Neuroimaging through DL

By -
Image
Introduction: In recent years, neuroimaging has been a research attraction, especially due to fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) advancements. The fMRI data comprises of often several individuals. This data is used by researchers to study the association between the cognitive states of an individual and the underlying brain activities. The fMRI data used for neuroimaging is ideally suited for deep learning applications. The large, structured datasets of fMRI can be used for representation-learning methods of the DL. Generally, DL can be defined as a learning method with multiple levels of abstraction, where at each level the input data is transformed by a simple non-linear function which enables the model to recognize complex patterns. With higher-level representation, DL methods can associate a target variable with variable patterns in input data. Also, DL techniques can independently acquire these transformations from the data, eliminating the need for a comprehensive preex
Read more

What is Terraforming?

By -
Image
  Humans are working more and more on extraterrestrial habitations. A few decades back we were planning to settle on the Moon and now we are planning the same on Mars. Many researchers also proposed many theories on such habitations as O'Neill Cylinder, McKendree Cylinder, and many more. One such famous hypothetical theory is Terraforming. But what does the term terraforming mean? Terraforming is the process of transforming the atmosphere, topography, temperature and other factors of any moon or planet to make it habitable and similar to the Earth. It was Carl Sagan who first proposed the theory of terraforming. He proposed the terraforming of Venus. He thought of seeding Venus with algae. The algae will convert nitrogen and carbon dioxide to organic matter and eventually, the greenhouse effect will reduce to a comfortable, habitual level.  However, later studies revealed that the clouds of Venus are full of sulphuric acid. Also, the atmosphere of Venus is very thick, any carbon co
Read more