Grand Tack Hypothesis for Jupiter
Grand tack hypothesis for Jupiter:
The grand tack hypothesis states that Jupiter formed at 3.5
AU, moved inward to 1.5 AU, reversed course after entangling Saturn in an
orbital resonance, and finally came to rest close to its present orbit at 5.2
AU.
The snow line is the distance from the early Sun where the temperature is
sufficiently frigid for volatiles like water to condense into solids. Current
theories of the Solar System's creation imply that Jupiter originated at or
beyond the snow line. The planet's atmosphere first formed as a gaseous
atmosphere around a solid core.
It's unlikely that life as we know it could exist on Jupiter. Most likely,
creatures cannot adapt to the severe and variable temperatures, pressures, and
materials that make up our planet.The grand-tack hypothesis:
According to the "Grand Tack" scenario, the large
planets' orbital migration in the gaseous protoplanetary disc is what shaped
the inner Solar System. Jupiter first moved inward, and then it and Saturn
moved outward once more.
According to the grand tack hypothesis, Jupiter originated
around 3.5 AU, migrated inward to 1.5 AU, turned about after being caught up in
an orbital resonance with Saturn, and ultimately settled down at 5.2 AU, not far
from its current orbit.
Jupiter slowly spiralled inward, eventually settling at a
distance of 1.5 astronomical units, or roughly where Mars is right now. (Mars
had not yet arrived.) Avi Mandell, a planetary scientist at NASA Goddard and a
co-author on the paper, adds, "We think that Jupiter halted migrating
toward the sun because of Saturn."
Jupiter experienced type II migration after opening a rift
in the gas disc, slowly migrating toward the Sun with the gas disc. This
migration would have placed Jupiter in a tight orbit around the Sun, similar to
newly identified hot Jupiters in other planetary systems if it had continued
unabated. Saturn likewise moved in the direction of the Sun, but because it was
smaller, it moved more quickly, either going through type I migration or
runaway migration.
During this migration, Saturn approached Jupiter and was
caught in a 2:3 mean-motion resonance with it. Then, a gap in the gas disc that
overlapped was created around Saturn and Jupiter, changing the balance of forces on
these planets as they started to migrate together. Saturn has partially closed
its portion of the gap, lessening the outer disk's pull on Jupiter.
On January 20, 2023, Jupiter will be at its closest point or perihelion. Therefore, every day since 2017, Jupiter has been edging ever closer to the sun. And as compared to Jupiter, Earth's shift in distance
from the sun is minimal.
According to conventional wisdom, Jupiter formed roughly
where it is currently, five times further from the Sun than Earth. The disc of
gas and dust encircling the newborn Sun was dense enough at that distance to
give birth to the planetary goliath.
The planets then started to move outward as the net torque
on them turned positive and the inner Lindblad resonance torques started to
outweigh the outer disc torques. Gas was able to stream through the gap due to
interactions between the planets, which allowed outward migration to
continue. The planets and the gas exchanged angular momentum during the gas
passage, adding to the positive balance of torques and helping the planets to
move away from the disc. Mass was also moved from the outer disc to the inner
disc during the exchange.
In addition, the gas transfer to the inner disc delayed the
decrease in the mass of the inner disc as it accreted onto the Sun, which would
have otherwise weakened the inner torque and stopped the large planets' outward
migration. According to the grand tack hypothesis, this mechanism stopped the
planets from moving inward when Jupiter was 1.5 AU away.
Jupiter and Saturn continued to move outward until either
they reached a zero-torque configuration inside a flared disc or the gas
disc evaporated. When Jupiter reached its roughly present orbit, the process is
thought to have come to a halt.Ever consider what might occur if Jupiter disappeared?
Jupiter's removal from the solar system would not
significantly alter Earth or the other planets. This is because Jupiter is
nearly five times further away from us than the Sun and has a mass that is
about 1/1000th that of the Sun.
The narrative of how Jupiter, the largest planet in the
solar system, serves as our ostensible valiant guardian is probably familiar to
anybody who has ever watched a documentary about it. Without Jupiter, asteroids
and comets would continually strike the Earth, making it impossible for life to
exist on the planet.
There would be virtually little other alteration in the
planets' orbits around the Sun. But Jupiter is quite good at guiding and
absorbing tiny things across the Solar System. The direct impact of Jupiter's
absence on Earth would be the increased frequency of asteroids and other
space debris collisions.
Apart from this, while comets and asteroids frequently save Earth and the
other inner planets by diverting them, occasionally Jupiter throws things
directly in their direction.
Grand tack hypothesis for Jupiter:
The grand tack hypothesis states that Jupiter formed at 3.5
AU, moved inward to 1.5 AU, reversed course after entangling Saturn in an
orbital resonance, and finally came to rest close to its present orbit at 5.2
AU.
The snow line is the distance from the early Sun where the temperature is sufficiently frigid for volatiles like water to condense into solids. Current theories of the Solar System's creation imply that Jupiter originated at or beyond the snow line. The planet's atmosphere first formed as a gaseous atmosphere around a solid core.
It's unlikely that life as we know it could exist on Jupiter. Most likely,
creatures cannot adapt to the severe and variable temperatures, pressures, and
materials that make up our planet.
The grand-tack hypothesis:
According to the "Grand Tack" scenario, the large
planets' orbital migration in the gaseous protoplanetary disc is what shaped
the inner Solar System. Jupiter first moved inward, and then it and Saturn
moved outward once more.
According to the grand tack hypothesis, Jupiter originated around 3.5 AU, migrated inward to 1.5 AU, turned about after being caught up in an orbital resonance with Saturn, and ultimately settled down at 5.2 AU, not far from its current orbit.
Jupiter slowly spiralled inward, eventually settling at a distance of 1.5 astronomical units, or roughly where Mars is right now. (Mars had not yet arrived.) Avi Mandell, a planetary scientist at NASA Goddard and a co-author on the paper, adds, "We think that Jupiter halted migrating toward the sun because of Saturn."
Jupiter experienced type II migration after opening a rift
in the gas disc, slowly migrating toward the Sun with the gas disc. This
migration would have placed Jupiter in a tight orbit around the Sun, similar to
newly identified hot Jupiters in other planetary systems if it had continued
unabated. Saturn likewise moved in the direction of the Sun, but because it was
smaller, it moved more quickly, either going through type I migration or
runaway migration.
During this migration, Saturn approached Jupiter and was
caught in a 2:3 mean-motion resonance with it. Then, a gap in the gas disc that
overlapped was created around Saturn and Jupiter, changing the balance of forces on
these planets as they started to migrate together. Saturn has partially closed
its portion of the gap, lessening the outer disk's pull on Jupiter.
On January 20, 2023, Jupiter will be at its closest point or perihelion. Therefore, every day since 2017, Jupiter has been edging ever closer to the sun. And as compared to Jupiter, Earth's shift in distance
from the sun is minimal.
According to conventional wisdom, Jupiter formed roughly
where it is currently, five times further from the Sun than Earth. The disc of
gas and dust encircling the newborn Sun was dense enough at that distance to
give birth to the planetary goliath.
The planets then started to move outward as the net torque
on them turned positive and the inner Lindblad resonance torques started to
outweigh the outer disc torques. Gas was able to stream through the gap due to
interactions between the planets, which allowed outward migration to
continue. The planets and the gas exchanged angular momentum during the gas
passage, adding to the positive balance of torques and helping the planets to
move away from the disc. Mass was also moved from the outer disc to the inner
disc during the exchange.
In addition, the gas transfer to the inner disc delayed the
decrease in the mass of the inner disc as it accreted onto the Sun, which would
have otherwise weakened the inner torque and stopped the large planets' outward
migration. According to the grand tack hypothesis, this mechanism stopped the
planets from moving inward when Jupiter was 1.5 AU away.
Jupiter and Saturn continued to move outward until either
they reached a zero-torque configuration inside a flared disc or the gas
disc evaporated. When Jupiter reached its roughly present orbit, the process is
thought to have come to a halt.
Ever consider what might occur if Jupiter disappeared?
Jupiter's removal from the solar system would not
significantly alter Earth or the other planets. This is because Jupiter is
nearly five times further away from us than the Sun and has a mass that is
about 1/1000th that of the Sun.
The narrative of how Jupiter, the largest planet in the
solar system, serves as our ostensible valiant guardian is probably familiar to
anybody who has ever watched a documentary about it. Without Jupiter, asteroids
and comets would continually strike the Earth, making it impossible for life to
exist on the planet.
There would be virtually little other alteration in the
planets' orbits around the Sun. But Jupiter is quite good at guiding and
absorbing tiny things across the Solar System. The direct impact of Jupiter's
absence on Earth would be the increased frequency of asteroids and other
space debris collisions.
Apart from this, while comets and asteroids frequently save Earth and the
other inner planets by diverting them, occasionally Jupiter throws things
directly in their direction.
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